Documents
The International Pierre Gy Sampling Association (IPGSA) provides a Document Library designed to facilitate access to key literature supporting the Theory of Sampling (TOS). This library serves as a curated collection of references, offering direct links to sources where documents can be accessed.
Please note that IPGSA does not host any documents directly—only links to external sources are provided.
How to Use the Library
- Browse the collection to find relevant literature on the Theory of Sampling.
- Follow the provided links to access documents from their respective sources.
- If you come across a broken or dead link, please report it to us for correction.
Contribute to the Library
The IPGSA Document Library is continuously updated. If you are aware of any new or relevant publications that should be included, you can suggest them for addition. Submissions will be reviewed before being added to ensure their relevance and quality.
To submit a new document suggestion, please use the official submission form available on this page.
We appreciate your contributions in maintaining and expanding this valuable resource for the Theory of Sampling community!
| Title | Author | Journal/Institution | Category | Access | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Brief Review of Heterogeneity Tests for Estimating the Variance of the Fundamental Sampling Error | Ana Carolina Chieregati | Sampling Science & Technology | Theory | Open Access | View |
| A comparsion between the duplicate series analysis method and the heterogeneity test as methods for calculating the sampling constants, K and alpha | Minnitt, R. C. A.; Bonsu, W. A. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| A Discussion on Current Quality-Control Partices in Mineral Exploration, Applications and Experiences of Quality Control | Méndez, A. S. | Mining | Open Access | View | |
| A European standard for sampling of waste material: EN 14899 | Wavrer, Philippe; Morvan, Bernard; Louis-Rose, Sebastien | Proceeding WCSB 7 | Recycling | Open Access | View |
| A multivariate approach for process variograms | Dehaine, Q.; Filippov, L. | Proceeding WCSB 7 | Theory | Open Access | View |
| A Study of Flow Flieds during Filling of a Sampler | Zhang, Z. | Steel | Open Access | View | |
| Acoustic chemometric monitoring of industrial production processes | Halstensen, Maths; Esbensen, Kim H. | PAT | Restricted Access | View | |
| Adaptive sampling applied to blast-hole drilling in surface mining | Ahsan, Nasir; Scheding, Steven; Monteiro, Sildomar T.; Leung, Raymond; Hugh, Charles Mc; Robinson, Danielle | International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences | Mining | Open Access | View |
| An experimental comparsion of Gy’s sampling model with a more general model for particluate material sampling | Geelhoed, B.; Koster-Ammerlaan, M. J. J.; Kraaijveld, G. J. C.; P.Bode; D.Dihalu; Cheng, H. | The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| An overview of sampling best practices in African mining | Spangenberg, I. C.; Minnitt, R. C. A. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Mining | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Analysis of Vezin sampler performance | Cleary, P. W.; Robinson, G. K. | Chemical Engineering Science | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Application of variography to the control of species in material process streams: %Fe in an iron ore product | Minnitt, R. C. A.; Pitard, F. F. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Automated cement plant quality control: In-situ versus extractive sampling and instrumentation | Jacobs, R. | IEEE | Mining | Open Access | View |
| Bias of cohesive bulk materials sampled by falling-stream cutters | Cleary, P. W.; Robinson, G. K. | Chemical Engineering Science | Mining | Restricted Access | View |
| Codifying the principles of sampling into mineral standards | Holmes, Ralph J.; Robinson, Geoffrey K. | Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems | Mining | Restricted Access | View |
| Cohesive effects in powder mixing in a tumbling blender | Chaudhuri, Bodhisattwa; Mehrotra, Amit; Muzzio, Fernando J.; Tomassone, M. Silvina | Powder Technology | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Comparison of sampling methods by using size distribution analysis | Minkkinen, P.; Auranen, I.; Ruotsalainen, L.; Auranen, J. | Proceeding WCSB 7 | Theory | Open Access | View |
| Composite sampling I: the Fundamental Sampling Principle | Esbensen, Kim H.; Wagner, Claas | Sampling Column | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Correct sampling and measurement – the foundation of accurate metallurgical accounting | Holmes, Ralph J. | Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Critical aspects of sampling in mills and plants: a guide to understanding sampling audits | Bongarcon, F.; Gy, P. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Mining | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Design for sampling – preliminary exploration | Morrison, R.; Powell, M. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Theory | Restricted Access | Download (PDF) |
| Design of primary samplers for slurries in concentrators and statistical methods for measuring components of variance in sampling | Bartlett, H. E. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Mining | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Designing and testing the representative samplers for sampling a milling circuit at Nkana Copper/Cobalt concentrator | Chibwe, P.; Simukanga, S.; Witika, L. K.; Chisanga, P.; Powell, M. | African Journal of Science and Technology | Theory | Open Access | View |
| European Network of GMO Laboratories Working Group “Seed Testing” (WG-ST) Working Group Report | Technical Reports, J. R. C. | European Union Reference Laboratory for Genetically Modified Food and Feed | Food | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Evaluation of sampling error sources in a multiple cutter metallurgical sampler | Loimi, J.; Minkkinen, P.; von Alfthan, C.; Lohilahti, J.; Korpela, T. | Proceeding WCSB 7 | Mining | Open Access | View |
| Evaluation of the sampling strategy for a copper ore | Gonzalez, P.; Ochoa, J.; Salas, C. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Mining | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| General considerations of sampling and assaying in a coarse gold environment | Dominy, S. C.; Annels, A. E.; Johansen, G. F.; Cuffley, B. W. | Mining | Restricted Access | Download (PDF) | |
| Geostatistical comparison between blast and drill holes in a porphyry copper deposit | Seguret, Serge Antoine | Proceeding WCSB 7 | Mining | Open Access | View |
| Good sampling is good business: reconciling economic drivers of productivity and quality using fundamentals of sampling theory | Dominguez, O.; Smith, K. | Proceeding WCSB 7 | Theory | Open Access | View |
| Grab sampling for underground gold mine grade control | Dominy, S. C. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Mining | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Gy sampling theory in environmental studies 2. Subsampling error estimates | Gerlach, R. W.; Nocerino, J. M.; Ramsey, C. A.; Venner, B. C. | Analytical Chimica Acta | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Gy sampling theory in environmental studies. 1. Assessing soil splitting protocols | Gerlach, R. W.; Dobb, D. E.; Raab, G. A.; Nocerion, J. M. | Journal of Chemometrics | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Heterogeneity test for optimising nickel sampling protocols | de Lima Fernandes, Flavia; Vargas, Flavia Guimaraes Rocha Godinho Campos; Chieregati, Ana Carolina | Metallurgy and materials | Mining | Open Access | View |
| Heterogeneity—the root of all evil (part 1) | Esbensen, Kim H.; Wagner, Claas | Sampling Column | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Heterogeneity—the root of all evil (part 2) | Esbensen, Kim H.; Wagner, Claas | Sampling Column | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Sampling | Kim H. Esbensen | Theory | Restricted Access | View | |
| Methodology of sampling in secondary copper processing | Laubertová, M.; Havlík, T.; Trpcevská, J.; Pirošková, J. | Metall-Forschung | Mining | Open Access | View |
| Mixing and Segregation in Powders: Evaluation, Mechanisms and Processes | Hogg, R. | KONA Powder and Particle Journal | Theory | Open Access | View |
| Mixing of granular materials: A test-bed dynamical system for pattern formation | Hill, K. M.; Gilchrist, J. F.; Ottino, J. M.; Khakhar, D. V.; McCarthy, J. J. | Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Mixing of powders and granular materials by mechanical means – A Perspective | Bridwater, John | Particuology | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Optimal grade control sampling practice in openpit mining – a full-scale blast hole versus reverse circulation variographic experiment | Engström, Karin; Esbensen, Kim H. | Applied Earth Science | Mining | Restricted Access | View |
| Optimizing the sampling protocols for aluminum ores—a new approach | Bortoleto, Daniel Armelim; Chieregati, Ana Carolina; de Oliveira, Raiza Cavalcante | Mineralogy and Petrology | Mining | Restricted Access | View |
| Part 1: Understanding the components of the fundamental sampling error: a key to good sampling practice | Minnitt, R. C. A.; Rice, P. M.; Spangenberg, C. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Part 2: Experimental calibration of sampling parameters K and alpha for Gy´s formula by the sampling tree method | Minnitt, R. C. A.; Rice, P. M.; Spangenberg, C. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Particle size analysis on wide size distribution powders; effect of sampling and characterization technique | Basim, G. Bahar; Khalili, Mohsen | Advanced Powder Technology | Theory | Open Access | View |
| PFTNA logging tools and their contributions to in-situ elemental analysis of mineral boreholes | Smith, C. P.; Jeanneau, P.; Maddever, R. A. M.; Fraser, S. J.; Rojc, A.; Lofgren, M. K.; Flahaut, V. | Proceeding WCSB 7 | Mining | Open Access | View |
| Pitfalls in Vezin sampling for finely crushed materials | Kruger, C.; van Tonder, E. | Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Placer gold sampling—the overall measurement errorusing gravity concentration on particle size ranges duringsample treatment | Brochot, Stephane; Mounie, François | Proceeding WCSB 7 | Mining | Open Access | View |
| Pre-crusher stockpile modelling to minimise grade variability | Everetta, J. E.; Howard, T. J.; Jupp, K. F. | Proceeding WCSB 7 | Theory | Open Access | View |
| Precision analysis of iron ore sampling, preparation and measurement overcoming deficiencies in current standard ISO 3085 | Everett, J. E.; Howard, T. J.; Beven, B. J. | Mining Technology | Mining | Restricted Access | View |
| Proper sampling, total measurement uncertainty, variographic analysis & fit-for-purpose acceptance levels for pharmaceutical mixing monitoring | Esbensen, K. H.; Romañach, R. J. | Proceeding WCSB 7 | Pharma | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Reconciliation of sampling data and heterogeneity analysis ofa bauxite mine in Poços de Caldas/MG, in Brazil | Alves, Felipe Expedito Martins; de Souza, Beatriz Alexandra; Bortoleto, Daniel Armelim; Hajj, Thammiris Mohamad El | Mining | Open Access | View | |
| Representative mass reduction in sampling – a critical survey of techniques and hardware | Petersen, L.; Dahl, C. K.; Esbensen, K. H. | Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Representative mass reduction in the laboratory:riffle splitting galore (with or without errors) | Esbensen, Kim H.; Wagner, Claas | Sampling column | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Representative process sampling — in practice: Variographic analysis and estimation of total sampling errors (TSE) | Esbensen, Kim H.; Friis-Petersen, Hans Henrik; Petersen, Lars; Holm-Nielsen, Jens Bo; Mortensen, Peter P. | Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Representative process sampling for reliable data analysis – a tutorial | Petersen, L.; Esbensen, K. H. | Journal of Chemometrics | Theory | Open Access | View |
| Representative sampling – Horizontal standard | Dansk Standard | Theory | Restricted Access | View | |
| Representative sampling for reliable data analysis: Theory of Sampling | Petersen, L.; Minkkinen, P.; Esbensen, K. H. | Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Representative Sampling, Data Quality, Validation –A Necessary Trinity in Chemometrics | Esbensen, K. H.; Julius, L. P. | Comprehensive Chemometrics (Second Edition) | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Reproducible Sample Preparation for Reliable Food Analysis | Butt, Tanja | InTech | Food | Open Access | View |
| Review of evaluation models for the representative sampling of ore | Lotter, N. O. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Mining | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Sampling Errors and Control of Assay Data Quality in Exploration and Mining Geology | Abzalov, M. | Intech Open | Mining | Open Access | View |
| Sampling for Industry 4.0 – Sensor signal acquisition inspired by the Theory of Sampling (TOS) | Lischka, M.; Berelsmann, K. | Theory | Open Access | View | |
| Sampling in the South African minerals Industry | Minnitt, R. C. A. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Sampling mineral commodities – the good, the bad, and the ugly | Holmes, R. J. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Sampling of heterogeneous and dynamic material systems | Gy, Pierre M. | Theory | Restricted Access | View | |
| Sampling of particulate materials – theory and practice | Gy, Pierre M. | Theory | Restricted Access | View | |
| Sampling of particulate materials with significant spatial heterogeneity – Theoretical modification of grouping and segregation factors involved with correct sampling errors: Fundamental Sampling Error and Grouping and Segregation Error | Esbensen, Pentti O. Minkkinen Kim H. | Analytica Chimica Acta | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Sampling quality assessment:the replication experiment | Esbensen, Kim H.; Wagner, Claas | Sampling column | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Sampling the coal chain | Hand, P. E. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Coal | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Sampling—is not gambling! (exit grab sampling) | Esbensen, Kim H.; Wagner, Claas | Sampling Column | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Sampling, sample Preparation and analytical practices for power station-type coals | Moodley, V.; Minnitt, R. C. A. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Coal | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Sampling: the impact on costs and decision making | Minnitt, R. C. A. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Segregation During Metal Sampling | Razaz, Ghadir; Carlberg, Torbjörn | Materials Science Forum | Theory | Open Access | View |
| Simulation of the Steel Sampling Process | Zhang, Z.; Tilliander, A.; Karasev, A.; Jönsson, P. G. | ISIJ International | Steel | Open Access | View |
| The application of sampling theory in bauxite protocols | Bortoleto, Daniel Armelim; Chieregati, Ana Carolina; Pereira, Antônio Henrique Rietra; Oliveira, Raiza Cavalcante | Mining | Open Access | View | |
| The Benefits of Automating Sampling and Analysis of Iron Ore | Thorne, K.; Shaw, R.; Williamson, R. | Mining | Restricted Access | View | |
| The mixing of cohesive granular materials featuring a larger size range in the absence of gravity | Aarons, Lee R.; Balachandar, S.; Horie, Yasuyuki | Powder Technology | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| The most common error in applying Gys Formula” in the theory of mineral sampling | Bongarcon, D. F.; Gy, P. | The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| The overall measurement error—TOS and uncertaintybudget in metal accounting | Brochot, Stephane | Proceeding WCSB 7 | Mining | Open Access | View |
| The Sampling of liquid hot metal and steel at a steel plant | Helle, L. W. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Steel | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| The Simple Facts about Sampling Gold Ores | Lyman, G. J.; Robertson, I. G.; Day, T. | Ausimm Mill operators conference | Mining | Restricted Access | View |
| Theoretical, pratical and economic difficulties in sampling for trace constituents | Pitard, F. F. | The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Theory of sampling (TOS) – fundamental definitions and concepts | Esbensen, Kim H.; Wagner, Claas | Sampling Column | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Theory of sampling (TOS) versus measurement uncertainty (MU) – A call for intergration | Esbensen, Kim H.; Wagner, Class | Trends in Analytical Chemistry | Theory | Restricted Access | View |
| Theory of sampling (TOS)—the missing link before analysis | Esbensen, Kim H.; Wagner, Claas | Sampling Column | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Theory of Sampling (TOS): pro et contra | Esbensen, Kim H.; Paoletti, Claudia | Sampling column | Theory | Open Access | Download (PDF) |
| Validation of reverse circulation drilling rig for reconciliation purposes | Chieregati, A. C.; Hajj, T. M. El; Imoto, C. F.; Pignatari, L. E. C. | Proceeding WCSB 7 | Mining | Open Access | Download (PDF) |